Theories and Methods


  • The Past and Future of Theory and Method?
  • The Atlantic Monthly
    http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/95nov/warring/indiffer.htm
    ["Universities and Religious Indifference," by Bernard Iddings Bell was published in the magazine in September 1932, and was reprinted in November 1995. Although well intentioned, the author sounds what has to be a wrong note today by writing as if the word 'religion' were simply interchangeable with the word 'Christian'. Also see the list of archived articles relevant to religion and its study.]

  • Ancient Methods of Inquiry Socratic Greece
  • Ancient Greece: Chronology
    http://eawc.evansville.edu/chronology/grpage.htm
    [Chronological context for Exploring Ancient World Cultures resources at Evansville University.]
  • The Last Days of Socrates
    http://socrates.clarke.edu/
    [An excellent series of pages from Clarke College in Iowa. Four early dialogues (the Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, and Phaedo) are the basis for this useful web resource.]
  • Plato's Tetralogies
    http://plato-dialogues.org/tetralog.htm
    [An ambitious resource that divides the Platonic dialogues into the traditional groups of four and develops teaching categories on that basis.]

  • Early Modern Emphasis on Method: René Descartes (1596-1650)
  • René Descartes
    http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/d/descarte.htm
    [A brief biography and philosophical assessment.]
  • The Window: Philosophers
    http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/descartes.html
    [Another brief introduction. For similar introductions to several other philosophers, see The Window index page.]
  • Basic works in English translation:
  • Discourse on Method
    http://www.religiousworlds.com/text/demethod.html
  • Meditations on First Philosophy tr. by John Veitch
    See also the translation by Jonathan Bennett in PDF format.

  • Enlightenment Naturalism and Skepticism: David Hume
  • David Hume (1711-1776)
    http://www.iep.utm.edu/h/humelife.htm
    [Introduction to the life and works of the philosopher. See also The Hume Society and and its journal Hume Studies.]

  • Modern Reason and Subjectivity: Kant, Hegel, Fries, Otto, and Nietzsche
  • Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
    http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/Kant.html
    [Begin with the above link to Steve Palmquist's excellent "Kant on the Web" page in Hong Kong. Among encyclopedia treatments, see Philosophy of Immanuel Kant in the online edition of the old Catholic Encyclopedia. Also see Immanuel Kant Links. Finally, from the Department of Philosophy at the University of California at Davis, see G. J. Mattey's Kant Lexicon and other Kant resources.]
  • G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831)
    http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hegel/
    [A basic introduction to the polymath in his role as a philosopher of history. See also G. W. F. Hegel.Org.]
  • Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773-1843)
    http://www.friesian.com/
    [The page for The Proceedings of the Friesian School is the place to begin.]
  • Rudolf Otto (1869-1937)
    http://www.friesian.com/otto.htm
  • Frederich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900)
    http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/
    [See also the article on Nihilism from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.]

  • New World Metaphysics: American Pragmatism
  • William James (1842-1910)
    http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/james.html
    [Well presented links to writings by James and commentary on James at a page maintained by Professor Frank Pajares at Emory University. Do not miss James' own essay on "the Ph.D. octopus" there. Locally available is The Webbing of William James, by Marc Fonda.]

  • Process Thought
  • Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947)
    http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/whitehead/

  • Systems Theory
  • Gregory Bateson (1904-1980)
    http://www.oikos.org/baten.htm
    [See also the Wikipedia entry on Bateson.]

  • Perennialism, Primordialism, or Neo-Traditionalism
    [See the Wikipedia entry and the site established by historian Mark Sedgwick.]
  • Titus Burckhardt (1908-1984)
  • Frithjof Schuon (1907-1998)
  • Huston Smith (b. 1919)
    [He offers a point of entry into his life and thought at his own web site, too.]
  • Ken Wilber
    [A home page sponsored by Shambhala publishers. One of Wilber's critics is sociologist and cult-watcher David C. Lane who has a multi-faceted page called Neural Surfer.]

  • Mythology and Psychology
  • Joseph Campbell (1904-87)
    http://www.jcf.org/new/index.php
    [Joseph Campbell Foundation home page - commemorative and commercial.]
  • Mircea Eliade (1907-1986)
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mircea_Eliade
    [See also the useful Proceedings of the Friesian School.]
  • Sigmund Freud (1856-1940)
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud
    [See also links on, about, and in response to Freud.]
  • Carl Gustav Jung (1905-1961)
    [There are several Jung sites, including the Jung Web. See also a short glossary of Jungian terms that is part of the C. G. Jung Page. Also worth noting is Marc Fonda's Notes on Jung which includes his lecture notes on Jung's Answer to Job. Finally, the Archetypal Astrology page of Michael McLay at the University of Missouri has a list of Jung links and the Guild for Psychological Studies in San Francisco is one of the several professional organizations devoted to Analytical Psychology.]
  • Personality and Consciousness
    http://www.wynja.com/personality/theorists.html
    [Brief sketches and links on theorists Freud, Jung, Adler, Kelly, Lewin, Maslow, Rogers, Skinner, Tart, and Buddhist psychology. Part of a site on Greater Anthropology maintained by Eric Pettifor of Simon Fraser University.]
  • Charles T. Tart
    http://www.religiousworlds.com/mystic/tartlink.html
    [Links and resources concerning the work of a contributer toward a state-specific theory of consciousness that could have relevance for the interpreation of religious experience.]

  • Sociology and Anthropology
  • Dead Sociologists' Index
    [A well-organized collection of links to sites providing information about Addams, Comte, Cooley, DuBois, Durkheim, Martineau, Marx, Mead, Pareto, Park, Simmel, Sorokin, Spencer, Thomas, Veblen, Weber. Maintained by Larry R. Ridener.]
  • Ernest Becker
    http://faculty.washington.edu/nelgee/
    [A page for the Ernest Becker foundation which offers recent articles inspired by Becker's work.]
  • Peter L. Berger (b. 1929)
    http://www.bu.edu/religion/faculty/bios/berger.html
    [See the entry in Wikipedia and a brief synopsis of Berger's homeless mind thesis.]
  • Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
    http://durkheim.uchicago.edu/
    [Durkheim Pages created by Robert Alun Jones. See, in particular, his summary treatment of Durkheim's Elementary Forms of the Religious Life.]
  • René Girard
    http://starwww.uibk.ac.at/theologie/theologie-en.html
    [A searchable database for Girard at Innsbruck.]
  • Max Weber (1864-1920)
    http://www.ne.jp/asahi/moriyuki/abukuma/
    [Moriyuki Abukuma's excellent Weberian sociology of religion web site.]

  • Economics
  • Economics of Religion
    http://www.economicsofreligion.com/
    [A resource page maintained by Laurence R. Iannaccone of George Mason University.]
  • Templeton Foundation
    http://www.templeton.org/
    [Information about grants awarded and projects funded in science and spirituality.]
  • Christian Theology and Economics: A Reading Guide
    http://www.zadok.org.au/papers/oslington/oslington9808.shtml
    [A bibliography by Paul Oslington.]

  • Other Theory and Method Pages
  • Dictionary of Feminist Theologies
    http://www.yale.edu/adhoc/research_resources/dictionary/
    [Mainly Christian and North American in its focus.]


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